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Question Types

A questionnaire is composed of different questions. This page provides an overview of all question types, ordered by category.

Selection Questions

The question types that belong to the selection questions build on the basic question format in which the respondent can select one or more of different options. The following chapters describe the partly different implementations of these question types.

Single selectionIn the single selection question, multiple answer options are offered
and the participant can select one answer.
Dropdown selectionThe goal and implementation are the same as for the
single selection. The display can be changed in the
settings of the selection question.
Selection with cardsThe goal and implementation are the same as for
the single selection. The display can be changed in
the settings of the selection question.
Multiple selectionThe implementation is the same as for the single
selection, but multiple answer options can be
selected. The multiple selection can be
activated in the settings.
Multiple selection matrixThere are multiple answer options, and multiple
answers may be selected per item.
Assign cards As with the “multiple selection matrix”, the items can be assigned to multiple options (stacks) at the same time; with the question type “assign cards”, this is done by drag & drop.
Horizontal selection (scale) In this selection, the options are displayed
side by side. This creates a scale that
goes from left to right across the entire page.
If necessary, images can reinforce the scale (see below)
Extended selectionThese are selection questions with more than 99 options,
which can be controlled via the project database.
Zoom selection Here, the options are displayed as cards side by side,
and the selected card becomes larger while
the others appear smaller (especially for images)
Text input with selection suggestion Input suggestions appear after the first letters are entered.
This question type is particularly suitable
if there are very many options.
Selection sequence
(with recording of the reaction time)
In this selection task, several decision or
selection questions are presented one after the other and the
response time is recorded - no open text inputs are possible.
SVG as selection Elements in the scalable vector graphic (SVG) are
defined as options and react to clicks
- here single selection
SVG as selection Elements in the scalable vector graphic (SVG) are
defined as options and react to clicks
- here multiple selection

Mixed Forms

Assignment task
(with recording of the response latency)
Stimuli are presented one after the other; they must then be
assigned to one or more categories by mouse click or key press.
Ranking In the ranking, a series of terms
(or images) is put into an order.
You can also implement a puzzle design
Arrange cards (one-dimensional) Image Arranging cards is a variant
of other rating questions. No ranking is enforced.
Cloze text (closed) Cloze text (closed) This question type allows assigning predefined terms to the gaps in a text.

Question Batteries/Matrix Questions

These are question types in which several items are arranged one below the other, and usually a rating is to be given on the basis of a predefined scale.

Horizontal selection (scale) In this selection, the options are displayed
side by side. This creates a scale that
goes from left to right across the entire page.
If necessary, images can reinforce the scale
Scale labeled at the extremes In this question, you provide a set of items
(e.g. statements) that the participant shall rate on
a scale. For this scale, only minimum
and maximum are labeled.
Different layouts as well as a category
“don't know” are available
Dichotomous selection scale
Display variant of a scale
labeled at the extremes
The dichotomous scale is another display form
of a scale with labeled extremes (yes/no)
Likert scale, 5 levels (compact)
Display variant of a scale
labeled at the extremes
The Likert scale is another display option
of the scale with labeled extremes
Scale with labeled intermediate values All values of the scale are labeled. A category
“don't know” is also possible
Likert scale (5 levels) with labeled intermediate values All values of the Likert scale are labeled.
This is a different display form
of the scale with intermediate values
Slider The slider is a way to obtain
continuous ratings. There are many
different layouts and display forms
(see explanation under the link)
Two-sided slider Similar to the semantic differential,
the two-sided slider can be labeled on both sides and
does not only distinguish between the center
and no answer.
Semantic differential
(polarity profile, also as analog scale)
In the semantic differential, a participant can classify
themselves or an object between pairs of opposites.
A “don't know” option is also possible
Image scale
(star rating, Kunin scale, etc.)
The visual design of the values can be chosen freely

Text Input

In tasks based on text input questions, the answer options are not predefined as in a selection question, but are entered by the respondents themselves.

Text inputImageThis question allows open text input of any kind.
Free mentionsWith free mentions, a participant can enter ideas
or similar into individual text fields one below the other.
Cloze textIn the cloze text, the participant can fill in words or other
information in a text.
Text input with selection suggestionThis text input suggests predefined answer options
as soon as the respondent types something. This type of selection is
particularly well suited for selection questions with very many answer options.
Balloon testImageIn the balloon test, the participant can add texts to an image.

Implicit Methods

Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP)The Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) is a procedure for measuring
implicit attitudes based on image stimuli that are used as primes.
Payne et al. (2005). An Inkblot for Attitudes: Affect Misattribution as Implicit Measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(3),
277–293.
Implicit Association Test (IAT)The implicit association test (IAT) records the response times while
the participant sorts images and/or terms into categories, and determines
an attitude from them.
Brief IAT (BIAT)The BIAT is a short version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT),
which by default uses 80 instead of 180 assignments (trials),
but at the expense of reliability and validity.
Single Category (SC-IAT)ImageThe Single Category IAT is a variant of the Implicit Association Test
(IAT) that measures the implicit attitude towards an object without
using a comparison object.
Assignment task (with reaction time)In the assignment task, stimuli (e.g. terms or images)
are presented one after the other. The participant must assign
them to one of two or more categories by mouse click or key press.
The reaction time is measured.
Selection sequence (with reaction time)Here, several decision or selection questions are presented one after
the other. As in quiz shows, the answer options are presented in boxes.
The reaction time for the answer is measured; an open
text input (“Other”) is not possible.

Advanced Measurement Methods

Q-SortIn the Q-sort technique, the respondents rate a set of items (the Q-sample) relative to each other in a multi-stage procedure and sort them into a predefined grid.
CRM/RTR measurement videoThis module plays a video and allows the participant
to rate the video over time (Continuous Response Measure, CRM).
CRM/RTR measurement audioThis module plays an audio file and allows the participant to rate it over time.

Contact/Communication

Separate collection of contact dataWith this question, participants can leave an email address
or other contact data. This data is stored
separately from the rest of the data set, so that
anonymity is ensured.
A subsequent assignment is not possible!
Email to a personal contactThis question sends an email to an address provided
by the participant. The email address is not
stored in the data set.
Opt-in for email distribution listWith an opt-in question, a person can register for the
email distribution list of the survey study. The registration
must be confirmed by the owner of the email address according to the opt-in procedure.

Special Questions

Upload fileThis question allows the participant to upload a file from the local computer.
lab.js experimentIntegration of a lab.js experiment
Upload screenshotThis question allows the participant to submit a screenshot.
Graphic positioningWith graphic positioning, the respondent can set point markers on an image by mouse click. The markers are categorized into areas and counted.
CaptchaA captcha (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) presents the participant with a task that humans can solve easily, but at which computers usually fail. This way, automatic completion can be prevented.

Functional Building Blocks

Random generatorRandom generatorGenerates a random value during the interview - mostly used to randomly assign participants to experimental groups. Number combinations are also helpful for conjoint analyses.
Device and transmitted variablesDevice and transmitted variablesThis function stores information that the participant's browser (client) transmits. For example, the browser ID, IP address or GET variables.
Transfer file contentsTransfer file contentsWith this element, file contents (BLOB) can be transmitted from JavaScript and stored in the data set.
Audio recorderThe file to be uploaded can be an audio track
Simple drawing areaWith a drawing area, images can be created or signatures can be drawn.
Photo from webcam or smartphoneA photo can also be taken directly with the device on which the questionnaire is filled out.
Internal variablesInternal variablesWith internal variables, you store data in the data set that does not appear directly in the questionnaire. For example, the result of a random selection or a value that was collected via JavaScript.
Participant management (address list)Participant management (address list)This module allows managing address entries (participants and their email addresses) outside the project administration (e.g. by a client). The module is designed for use in an access-restricted questionnaire.
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